Monday, June 13, 2016

Systemic Typology: 對 DISC 行為形態取向的五大普遍誤解

Hi,

DISC 行為形態取向已誕生數十年,但卻歷久不衰,近年縱使有眾多不同的性格形態取向評估出現,但 DISC 卻能獨領風騷。

但越多人使用,誤解自然越多,今天借機與大家澄清不少人對 DISC 的五大普遍誤解

1. DISC 是性格形態取向當然不是,雖然不少課程是這樣描述她,因為他們根本還未弄清楚並分別!DISC 其實是行為形態取向性格在內,難於察覺,就算是經驗豐富的心理學家,還需多次接觸,才能略知一二;行為在外,便於審視,只要掌握竅門,三兩分鐘間便能分辨,隨即順應運用。

2. DISC 是全面的形態取向絕對不是,她只是從兩個準則來區分四種行為傾向,也就是說,她代表的只是人類行為面貌的其中一個片面。但這個片面卻有效讓人瞭解自己或他人,皆因這兩個準則至為關鍵,致令那四種傾向變得更具意義。

3. 各種版本的 DISC 是相同的全然不是,全球約有十多家公司,出版不同版本的 DISC 評估工具,雖然大家也是基於同一個原理,但每家各有不同的評估機制,孰優孰劣,見人見智。為何會有這麼多的不同版本呢?因為 DISC 的原創者 Marston 並沒有為她申請專利,因此任何人也可使用她來研發評估工具,這樣也間接令 DISC 更能普及流行,讓你我也能無需擔心侵犯別人的專利知識下,靈活運用 DISC 來襄助他人

4. DISC 能助你預測表現純屬誤解,而且是最普遍的誤解。DISC 能助你評估人的行為傾向,也就是行事作風,但相同行事作風的人,表現也可以有極大的落差;影響一個人的表現,能力、技術、知識與推動,扮演著更重要的角色,好像一個喜歡與人接觸的人,並不代表他懂得跟人溝通,更不表示他能勝任銷售的工作。使用 DISC 的重點並非預測,而是配合,通過人與人之間的相輔人與事之間的相乘,產生最大的效果。

5. DISC 能肯定顯示某種行為沒有可能世上有多少事情能夠肯定?好像有些人會認為 DISC 中的 D 較為粗魯,S 較為溫柔,這是一種不切實際的武斷,D 的人較為直接,但直接並不意味一定會是粗魯,這視乎那人的修養,又或他的情緒管理能力;至於 S 的人傾向含蓄,但含蓄也不肯定會是溫柔,他大可能會經常間接地表達不滿,絕不柔順。運用 DISC,必須配合對方的其他特質,才能準確作出演繹。

不管怎樣,DISC 這個精確分析工具,確實令你更能掌握對人的透徹瞭解

Keith
Explore, Exceed & Excel

12 年才辦一屆 - DISC 行為取向分析課程: www.excelcentre.net/discenfold

Thursday, January 08, 2015

Thinking: 思維的層次

Hi,

思維有什麼層次呢?

這是小弟回應幾位同學提問的最簡單答覆,亦希望對其他朋友,也有一點點的啟發。

最低層次,想法是被動產生的,遇到奇怪想法,不為自已接受,就把它們壓抑下來;第二層我們開始能分辨想法的『合理性』,覺得好的,就是合理,不好的,就是不合理。
 
第三層,我們察覺到原來想法因應背景而別,察知想法,洞悉背景;第四層,我們超越了即時即地的範疇,不同時間、不同處境、不同人物的想法互為關係,造就更大的理解。

第五層,一個神秘的層次,神秘只因極少人能體會這個層次,在這個層次,人再度超越,超越了『人』的思維,那就是啟蒙的開始了。

Keith
Explore, Exceed & Excel

P.S. 這裡說的『思維』,並非泛指所有『思維』,只是 MBTI 中的 Thinking 傾向而矣。

Monday, December 22, 2014

Personal Development: 中體西用

Hi,

差不多現今所有做人做事的原理,中國自古已有之,但只是講了原理,沒有說明方法而矣!西方卻有大量的方法,而方法的原理卻是一大堆的學術研究,遠不及中國的一針見血。

中體西用,兩者結合,自能相輔相成。

舉例來說,中國自古有云,做人需要『知己知彼』,但如何才能『知己知彼』,卻沒有細說清楚。然而西方卻產生了種種的心理學、性格學身心語言程序學,又或筆跡學等等,用以助人理解自己與他人。

但為何清末洋務運動的『中體西用』失敗?乃因開始不久之後,『中體』變成凌駕『西用』,一切以『中體』為先,『西用』從屬『中體』,結果起初是為了抵抗頑固派阻力而提出的『中體西用』,後來竟成為反對政治體制變革的保守思想。

要『中體西用』成功,必須是兩者平等、相互兼容;沒有『中體』不會令『西用』變得沒用,沒有『西用』也不會使『中體』變成無體,兩者皆具有其自己的價值,只是合起來,體用俱存,升價百倍。

當年歪曲了『中體西用』,不只是令『中體西用』失敗,而是亡國。

Keith
Explore, Exceed & Excel

P.S. 本文原刊登於 Excel Your Life Newsletter 2014年9月號

P.P.S. 本文刊登之後,曾有朋友電郵小弟,說小弟話中有話,小弟回應說:是嗎?

Monday, March 03, 2014

Systemic Typology: 工具只是工具!

Hi,

工具只是工具,跟自己動手去做,是兩碼子的事。

性格形態學,只是工具,一種令你易一點去察知自己性格的工具,但她卻不能代替你去發現自己的性格取向。

性格形態學就好像螺絲批,就算你擁有了這個工具,那還需要你去把它拿起,旋轉手柄,才能嵌緊那顆螺絲釘。性格形態學不是一支,而是一整套的螺絲批,各式各樣的,全都齊備,但它自己卻怎也不能知道你要嵌緊的,是那一種類的顆螺絲釘!

你要先去看看,那顆螺絲是什麼型號,才能找對工具,但你可能會說:『我看不出那是什麼類型的螺絲』,又或『那顆螺絲什麼也不像,我也沒有辦法』。

你能做的,便是拿你的螺絲,對照一下整套螺絲批,逐一看看它吻合那一支,你就開始掌握處理螺絲的技術了。

但你仍可能會說:『根本沒有一支能完全吻合我的螺絲,我那能選擇? 』,世上的螺絲上千萬種,又怎會可能有上千萬種的螺絲批呢?我們只需找到最為接近的一支,便是你的最合適選擇了!

強要完全吻合,那是不設實際,那是吹毛求疵。

當然,若你能先瞭解到,原來螺絲分為一字型與十字型兩類,配對起來,就更得心應手;若你能進一步理解到,一字型與十字型兩類之下,還細分大大小小不同的尺碼分類,你便開始通盤掌握螺絲的學問了。

還是開始運用你的工具,否則更好的工具,丟在一旁,跟廢鐵無異。

Keith
Explore, Exceed & Excel

P.S. 想成為螺絲批專家中的專家, 趕快報讀高階螺絲形態學,不,高階性格形態學課程吧!

Friday, February 21, 2014

系統式性格形態學?

Hi,

性格形態學就是研究性格分類 Personality Types 的學問,性格分類有別於性格特質 Personality Traits,前者將人分類成不同的傾向,而後者則認為性格是漸變式的,沒有明確的分野。

舉例來說,性格分類把人分成外向內向性格特質則視『完全外向』與『完全內向』是兩個極端,中間有著不同程度的外向內向;前者是質化 Qualitative 的研究,反者卻是量化 Quantitative 的學問。

兩者也是正確,只是量度方法有異,但前者容易掌握,後者卻需要複雜的評估;前者適用於個人改進、事業發展、推廣營銷、說服他人等範疇,而後者適用於心理治療。

性格形態學有用之處,在於能揭示及增進人對自己及他人的認識,而非把人定型 Stereotype,這只會適得其反,縮小了對人的真正瞭解。

那什麼叫做系統式性格形態學呢?

系統式是指個別性格分類並非獨立存在,而是互為影響的,內向思想型內向感知型是非常不同的兩類人,縱使兩者也是內向;不去審視整體,就妄加判斷,結果只會差之毫釐,謬以千里。再者,系統式也指出不同性格形態學的相互關係,好像 MBTI 與 Enneagram 有著不可忽略的關係,未能掌握這個關係,你根本還未真正學懂這兩門學問。

為了讓你更進一步地掌握性格形態學,小弟特別節錄了一段錄音,內容是有關性格是什麼、性格的來源、性格如何影響命運,以及性格形態學的秘密,大家可到下列網址收聽。

錄音www.excelcentre.net/fate 

Keith
Explore, Exceed & Excel

Tuesday, July 20, 2010

Systemic Typology: 對九型性格學的一個最大誤解

Hi,

上星期剛完成了至少三年才一度的命運重整工程課程,其中提及一項不少人對九型性格學的最大誤解,就是所謂的升級跌級

小弟在課堂中已清楚解釋,但小弟也理解仍有不少同學不能接受,因為這跟他以前學習的很不一樣,南轅北轍;但先入為主,要修正,談何容易,遂決定把這個概念寫出來,讓大家自行以理判斷。

九型人格中,有所謂升級概念,即由一種性格形態,昇華提升至另外一種,這種概念,本身根本不在Enneagram原理論中,只是後人加進去,但其中也有道理,可惜在『你教他,他教他他』的過程中,不知何時,出現了根本的誤解,結果是相信誤解版本的,竟多於相信原解的,你說不令人嗟嘆嗎?

舉例來說,3號性格的,有所省覺後,即能提升至6號性格的高位,亦即原本要叻認叻的3號,變成忠誠可靠的6號高位,聽起來既正面,且蠻有道理,但實則歪理也!

若要明白歪理所在,就要先明白各型性格的由來;各型性格的出現,皆因每人有著不同的基本需要,但沒法滿足,無意識地錯用了永不會成功的方法,來試圖滿足那個需要,結果形成各個號碼,各有有不同的行為特質;上述的3號,其基本需要為成為一個有價值的人,用的方法是爭取外在表現,以證明其價值,但如因天時地理人和不能配合時,不惜欺騙,以求他人認同其卓越才能;而6號需要的卻是外在的指引,以能安心生活,免卻憂慮。

這些需要,無形中成為局限,因其促使一個人不停地去爭取滿足,但用的卻是越用越壞事的惡法,好像3號,越想人認同其價值,卻不惜欺騙,那又怎會讓人真的認同;就算不致於騙人,3號著眼的只是表面行為,那又怎會是真的價值呢?

說回先前那個誤解,一個3號,無論理解省覺了什麼,怎也不會由受一種需要局限,變成受另一種需要局限吧?如果真的會的話,那是什麼樣的提昇?那只是由一個監獄,轉到另一個監獄而矣!

就算變的是成為高級6號,也只是能以更有效的方式,滿足自己6號的需要,亦即通過忠誠可靠對人,別人也更願意給你提供指引(6號的需要),甚至乎學懂了自我指引,從此不用倚靠別人。一個3號,需要的不是指引,為何提升後,卻無端地改變了本身的基本需要?

進一步深入瞭解,各型性格,是由於童年時成長中,與父母長期的互動而產生出來的;不同的互動,令小朋友深覺缺乏了某種不同的需要,那種需要,便成為日後該型號性格的基本需要了。剛才所說的因省覺而提升,卻變成了另一種型號,莫非省覺能令人變得有著不同的童年,結果連型號也變了?

或許仍有人會說,童年當然不會改變,但對童年的看法卻可以改變;省覺令人察覺了對童年看法的誤解,因而有所改變;這又是另一種似是而非的觀念,3號的童年看法是認同母親,而6號則是認同父親,試問由認同母親,變成認同父親,又是那一門的省覺提升?

其實九型人格中,根本沒有升級這回事,只是當人在省覺的路途上,會出現類似另一個型號的高位行為,但那只是表面行為而矣,其內心需要,仍舊是原有型號;所謂升級,只是一種訊號,讓人知道,自己正在正確的路上發展改進,方向正確,繼續努力!

Keith
Explore, Exceed & Excel

P.S. 原文刊登於Excel Your Life Newsletter 2010年4月號

Sunday, April 18, 2010

Systemic Typology: 什麼是性格? Part 2

Hi,

性格者,性向之格局也。

性向者,個人特質的傾向是也。

那為什麼會成格局呢?習慣使然!

性格能否改變?根據不同的心理學家的論據,有些認為人生首三歲、又或七歲、又或十四歲、又或二十一歲後,即成定局,不能變矣!

為什麼呢?時間容許人形成習慣,習慣後,除非刻意察覺改變,否則那會無端改變?

人常道,若要成功,自我察覺(Self-Awareness)尤為重要,但應察覺自己的什麼才至為重要呢?正如前文提到,性格影響行為,行為影響結果;性格乃恆常的傾向,因而引致的行為,也是恆常的行為,而其結果也變成恆常的結果;恆常的結果,命運也!

既然如此,首要察覺者,非性格莫屬,命運攸關,那容忽視!

如何展開我們的性格察覺之途呢?下期再續。

Keith
Explore, Exceed & Excel

Tuesday, April 13, 2010

Systemic Typology: 什麼是性格? Part 1

Hi,

性格者,影響人的認知行為的特質。

認知,影響我們的行為;行為,影響我們的結果;說到底,性格,影響我們的結果!

性格,是否一種很『深入』的東西,因此難於發現、難於改變?不是! 我們會說某人很有『性格』,因為我們看到了他某些特質,能看到的,那會有多『深入』?

既然不難發現,那麼改變性格是否變得容易?

非也!我們容易發現她的存在,但卻難於掌握她,因為性格實在難於形容,不能形容的,怎能改變?

因此,我們需要一套,甚至多套形容性格的系統,越能形容性格越能改變、改善她!

如果我們不能掌握自己的性格,等於任由她控制我們的行為與結果,那麼我們就是最沒『性格』了!

Keith
Explore, Exceed & Excel

Saturday, May 03, 2008

轉載: 提升銷售/管理績效 掌握 DiSC 4 類行為取向

轉載:Recruit

知己知彼,百戰百勝。

若能透過容易掌握的分析工具了解自己和別人,從而發揮個人的長處和彌補不足,並且針對別人的特點進行推銷和管理,工作自然更加得心應手。

現時,在坊間可以找到不少性格分析工具,但香港生產力促進局行為取向分析學證書課程講師陶兆輝博士指出,這些性格分析工具大多複雜深奧,難於掌握運用。由美國心理學家 William Moulton Marston 開發的行為取向分析工具 DiSC Profile,不但易於明白和使用,讓你了解自己,並且在短時間內了解對方的行為取向特徵,從而針對對方的特點展開推銷或管理工作。

以行為取向分析四類人

甚麼是 DiSC?陶兆輝說,DiSC 並非性格分析,而是行為取向分析。簡單來說,DiSC 有四種不同 Profile,以快和慢(指下決定時的快與慢)兩大類別區分;另外是做事的取向,即是首先會關注事情還是人。由此得到四種 Profile —「快、事」、「快、人」、「慢、人」 及「慢、事」。

「快、事」屬於掌握型(Dominance),凡事講求結果,想盡辦法達成目標;「快、人」屬於影響型(influence),懂得看別人眉頭眼額;「慢、人」屬於穩定型(Steadiness),一切以穩定安全為原則;「慢、事」屬於謹慎型(Conscientious),十分關注每件事情的準確性。

陶兆輝解釋,掌握型人士為求盡快完成任務,很多時忽略別人,因而容易成為孤獨者;影響型人士會花很多時間與人交往和討論,可能因此而浪費寶貴的時間穩定型人士經常會問自己是否已準備好,這樣容易錯失機會謹慎型人士太關注要做的事情,要 100% 正確才去做,但是否真的需要 100% 正確才可執行呢?

他強調,四種類型人士沒有好與壞之分,只是各有優點和缺點。當大家知道個人的優點及缺點後,便可加以發揮及改善。

了解自己分析別人

「這個行為取向分析系統的優點是快而準,並且已被證實為最有效的個人改進、銷售及管理工具之一。DiSC 較其他性格分析工具更為準確的原因有二:首先,根據行為分類學,性格是在人的意識深處,即是在內裡核心的一層,很難被了解;行為則是面對環境的外在表現,即是在外面的一層,可以觀察得到。第二,很多研究證明其準確性高和有效,至今已逾 2,000 萬人使用過。」

陶兆輝並稱,DiSC Profile 能讓使用者在短時間的交談或觀察中了解對方的特點,對從事銷售、顧客服務和管理工作的人士很有幫助。「例如,知道對方屬於穩定型,你的推銷過程便不可太急進;假若對方是掌握型,則要速戰速決,只需向其推銷『結果』。換句話說,懂得行為取向分析,便能針對不同類型的人採用不同推銷方法。」

Sunday, November 04, 2007

Systemic Typology: Concepts Behind Fate Reengineering Workshop

Hi,

I don't like to transfer just skills and techniques in my programs. There are always underlying concepts behind all of my seminars and workshops.

I am going to present the concepts behind all my programs. Starting with the one I did recently...

Fate Reengineering Workshop is the Level 1 of my Systemic Personality Typology Series. This is a systemic approach of changing our own fate by means of being aware of our personality:

1. Personality is the collection of many faces of our ego. They are interactive. We seldom can see most of these faces. We need tools.

2. Personality Typologies are the tools. Each guides us to see our personality from a different perspective.

3.  There is no good or bad personality.Your quality of life depends on how you cope with your super-systems, like your environment, your family, your social groups, etc.

4. Being aware of our personality and then adjusting and adapting with the bigger super-systems around us is an Intentional Process. We need to make a conscious decision to do so.

5. Awareness, Reality Check and Acceptance are the basis of effective adjustment and adaptation.

6. Adjustment and adaptation starts with stop manipulating others and ourselves.

7. People with Effective Personality (remember: no good or bad personality!) can grasp the Rising Opportunities and avoid the Falling Traps. Thus we can go up in our Fate Cycles.

8. People with Ineffective Personality can easily be affected by the Falling Traps to go down their Fate Cycles.

9. Effectiveness is about adaptability. Is your personality producing behaviours that create desirable results in your environment?
 
10. It is all about development. You are still you, but you can be bigger and better.

Keith
Explore, Exceed & Excel

Updated: Feb 14 2014

Tuesday, October 30, 2007

Systemic Typology: Enneagram is Copying Freud?

Hi,

In my 2 previous article, Enneagram, What Really is it and Summary Key Points of the Fate Reengineering Program, I proposed the possible source of enneagram is from Freud's Theories.

My hypothesis is that Ichazo was fitting Freud's Ideas onto the Enneagram Symbol of Gurdjieff in the 60's. There can be no evidence as Ichazo had not disclosed how exactly he invented the Enneagram. It is just a hypothesis. My hypothesis is based on the following 4 observations:

1. Freudism was still the most popular school of psychology in the 1960's.

2. Ichazo named his invention as the Enneagon of Ego Fixation. Both the terms Ego and Fixation are very popular terms of Freudism.

3. There are many correlation between Enneagram and Freudism, for example, the 9 types was very similar to the 6 types of Psychosexual Development Fixation and the symptoms of the Unhealthy Id, Ego and Superego. Similar concepts of Repression, Acting Out, Defensive Mechanisms, Sublimation (results of Inetgration), Death Instincts (the compulsion to repeat unpleasurable experiences) can also be found in Enneagram.

4. The core concept of Ichazo's Ennegarm, the Essence resembles very much Freud's Theory on the Unconscious. According to Ichazo, the loss of awareness of the Holy Idea beccomes a person's Ego Fixation. We repress unpleasant memories into the Subconscious and we gradually moving away from the awareness. This fixed how we think and act.

I am not saying that Ichazo stole anything from Freud. Might be he was having similar understanding as of Freud. The key purpose of my hypothesis is to make clear that the original Enneagram (or Enneagon) is something related to psychology than to mysticism.

Keith
Explore, Exceed & Excel

Personal Development: Summary Key Points of the Fate Reengineering Program

Hi,

I just completed the Fate Reengineering Program. There were tons of information and they are not easy. So to make those who have attended and those who haven't having a clearer view of the Systemic Personality Typology, I write these key points for you:

1. Personality is a dynamic set of characteristics, which influences people's cognition, motivation and behaviour.

2. Personality is used represent us, but not to disguise our identity.

3. Study of Personality is systemic. All 7 theories of personality psychology are right. Each of which explains part of the whole story.

4. The 4 Elements of Fate Reengineering are the 4 criteria from Maslow: Awareness, Reality Centred, Acceptance and Democratic.

5. Personality is systemic. We are presenting to the world different faces of our personality. They are contextual, not the core.

6. Personality Typology is systemic. Each typology is seeing personality from one perspective.

7. MBTI or the Jungian Personality Types is seeing personality from a perspective of the 8 Mental or Cognitive Functions. 16 types are the result of combination of 2 groups of mental functions, each having 4 variations. (Not the combination of 4 groups of letters E/I, S/N, T/F & J/P)

8. Enneagram is seeing personality from a perspective of Maladpative Behaviour Mechanism.

9. PPACC is seeing personality from a perspective of the combined action of the 5 Ego States.

10. When understanding the MBTI code, the first and last letters are only used to indicate the preference of the 8 mental functions. Never use these 2 letters to understand one's personality and to seek improvement and development. This will be misleading.

11. To improve, utilize your Supporting Function to balance your Leading Function.

12. To develop, explore your Achievement Function.

13. To be adaptive, be flexible on all your 8 Mental Functions.

14. To use DiSC as shortcut, remember it is your DiSC profiles when you are stress-free.

15. For best and lowest energy consumption performance, use your Inborn (or Core) Functions.

16. Use Enneagram as a "Times Table" for Freud's theories. It is not mystic or sacred. (see my another article on: Enneagram, What Really is It?)

17. Enneagram analysis should be Thematic, not Analytic.

18. High, Average, Low Points, Integration and Disintegration is NOT a direction, but a Signal of Development.

19. High, Average, Low Points, Integration and Disintegration are the result of Awareness. They indicate your Degree of Awareness.

20. So, to develop, enhance your Awareness and Understanding of what you are searching for, your compulsory behaviours, and your maladaptive behaviour mechanism.

21. Different Enneagram types are equivalent to the 6 types of Oral, Anal & Phallic Fixation of Freud's Psychosexual Stage Theory (#2: Electra Complex, #4: Oral Aggressive Fixation, #5: Oral Receptive Fixation, #7: Anal Expulsive Fixation, #8: Oedipus Complex, #1: Anal Retentive Fixation), plus the symptoms from Unhealthy Id (#3), Unhealthy Ego (#6) and Unhealthy Superego (#9).

22. We can't accurately identify others' personality type. It is impossible due to there can be hundreds & thousands of variations of Enneagram Types and Contextual Selves (in MBTI). Only the arrogant and ignorant will claim they can do so.

23. Personality Typology is best for Self Development.

Keith
Explore, Exceed & Excel

Monday, October 29, 2007

Personal Development: Enneagram, What Really is It?

Hi,

As I mentioned in the Fate Reenginering Workshop yesterday, from my point of view, enneagram is just a clever fiiting of Freud's theories, plus some ideas from philosophy and metaphysics into the enneagram symbol by its originator, Ichazo in the 1960's. There is nothing sacred in it!

His students and the students of them are continuously adding various kind of stuff into it in the past 30 years. Some are great stuff, some are not.

The enneagram symbol was released to public by Gurdjieff in the 1910's. He had never disclosed the source of this symbol. There is no evidence proving that it was coming from any ancient wisdom. Ichazo borrowed from Gurdjieff the symbol and created his Enneagon of Ego Fixation.

Enneagram is quite accurate. It can be simply because of the reliability of Freud's Theories. You can find the Freud's ideas of Fixation, Repression, Defense Mechanism, etc hidden in the Enneagram of Personality.

I always see enneagram as a useful tool for remembering and applying some of Freud's theories in daily life. Its usefulness is just like the "Times Table" (乘數表) in mathematics.

Take for an example, the Direction of Disintegration in enneagram is 1-4-2-8-5-7-1 and 9-6-3-9. There might be some mystic rationale behind Gurdjieff's original enneagram. But this was just a fitting of Freud's idea of Repression and Acting Out into the symbol. There is nothing mystic. Each type of "personality" is repressing some emotions. When under stress, each releases the repressed emotion in a different way as a Protective Mechanism.

2 releases the repressed emotion of Anger (towards those who did not responded to 2's help and kindness) by attacking, like an unhealthy 8.

3 releases the repressed emotion of Shame (due to 3's failures to achieve) by dissociating from their feelings and turn themselves off, like an unhealthy 9.

4 releases the repressed emotion of Hatred (I am not as good as others) by coercing others to take care of them like an unhealthy 2.

5 releases the repressed emotion of Loneliness and Anxiety (due to 5's isolation and frustration in searching for answers) by acting impulsively and hysterically, like an unhealthy 7.

6 releases the repressed emotion of Fear and Anger (of abandonment and inadequacy) by acting violently towards others, like an unhealthy 3.

7 releases the repressed emotion of Worry and Anxiety (due to losing self-control) by imposing strict rules on themselves and others. 7 might become very critical like an unhealthy 1.

8 releases the repressed emotion of Fear (due to the real and imagined threats from others) by retreating into isolation, like an unhealthy 5.

9 releases the repressed emotion of Helplessness and Anxiety (due to the accumulating effects of previously neglected problems) by depending on others or even becoming self-destructive, like an unhealthy 6.

1 releases the repressed emotion of Shame, Guilt & Self-Hatred (they cannot keep their own rules) and Hatred towards others (others violated their rules or others do not care about their ideals) by becoming self-destructive, addiction or depression, like an unhealthy 4.

You can find many other similar co-relationships of Freud's theories and the Enneagram of Personality. I really like the Enneagram as a Times Table for Freudism.

Forget about the sacredness and mysticism. Use it as a Times Table.

Keith
Explore, Exceed & Excel